Human morality Essay

Morality has often been associated with the roles performed by the concept of nature and nurture in relation to the source of moral dispositions. It has been expressed that evolution has provided human beings preconditions of morality, yet it is solely during engagement with an individual’s culture that these preconditions are converted to pure morality. Evolution considers human beings as one of the animal species and thus it is not easy and simple to detach ourselves from the rest of the other biological species in terms of our morals and conducts (Crawford and Salmon, 2004). The concept of morality is thus not an essential part of being human, but its presence makes us adjust to our environments, as well as act in a rational way. Morality also allows human beings to care for other individuals, as well as experience the feeling of wanting something. More importantly, morality provides us an additional characteristic—to want to be decent individuals. There has been significant debate with regards to the implications of morality and that of the concept of evolution coined by Charles Darwin. It has been described in the history of Social Darwinism and the concept of eugenics that it is possible to choose which genes should further proliferation in the next generations and those genes that confer undesirable traits be left out to go extinct in the human race. This concept of eugenics has been attempted in eradicating future generations of criminals as well as sickly individuals that carry heritable medical disorders. Unfortunately, morality is also influenced by the concept of Social Darwinism, wherein there is huge misinterpretation of the theory of evolution, especially that of the concept of fitness. One major issue of misinterpretation is that the followers of Social Darwinism strongly equate the word good to the condition of being highly evolved. Hence any individuals that are not behaving in a lawful manner such as criminals are immediately classified as individuals that belong to a lower level in the taxonomy of human evolution. This concept should thus be revisited so that the term fitness be only associated with physical fitness of an organism as it evolves through time. It should also be known that the fitness of an organism is strongly influenced by an environment, wherein an organism that lives in a harsh environment learns to survive in cruel ecological conditions, and in the case of human beings, in poor social and environmental conditions. Moral dispositions among human beings evolve through the process of natural selection, hence the results of evolution are simply considered to be that of the selfish trait. It is generally accepted that the human brain is comprised of structures that have evolved to follow that â€Å"either-or† way of thinking, wherein the mind is put in a blank non-thinking conditions and the rest of the functions of the brain are at an innate condition. There are also some genetic misinterpretations with regards to human nature, wherein there is so much attention on the transmission of intelligence and other superb human capabilities that is known be better understood that there is also a concept of determinism wherein an individual carries this need to be compassionate to other individuals because they feel a certain peace and tranquility in their bodies, including the brain and the heart. Thus there is an interaction between the environmental and the genes of an individual, resulting in the personality of an individual to sacrifice his own benefits for the good of others. The concept of eugenics thus can not be fully applied to human morality because this concept is affected by multiple factors, mainly by the genetic makeup of the individual, as well as the environmental effects on the physiological brainwork of an individual. Thus, it is very simple for an individual to refrain from stealing even if he is aware that stealing will provide him a source of funds for himself. Reference Crawford C and Salmon C (eds. ). (2004): Evolutionary Psychology, Public Policy and Personal Decisions. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Reading Visual Culture Essay

When reading visual culture one can easily be led to interpret from images . Visual representations have many different meanings, the way that some interpreted Visual culture and visual representations can in a way influence, confuse or inform others of their meanings. Visual culture is found almost anywhere in the world, no one really knows when it dates back to as there is so much visual culture in history. There are many examples of visual culture in different times, churches use to use visual culture in their stained glass windows. These windows use to be quite delicate pieces of art and were once considered highly religious, this was because of what was placed inside the windows and where they were most likely to be found was in churches. This was a ‘visual’ as it was able to be seen, but in many ways what was seen may not be real. For instance many of these church windows had angles on them and this made them in a way a fantasy or non-realistic character to some. The ‘culture’ of these windows was the people who viewed these on a religious basis, in other words the ones who shared the same values about the church that the windows were found in. Although there could be some confusion when discussing visible things and visual culture. Visible things are something like a chair, whereas visual culture would be a picture of the chair. The confusion normally lies in the word visible and visual, visualising something can be done when you see a poster and all the different pictures and writing that make up that poster. The format of a visual and how it is represented can impact others in different ways. If you see a sign that is red and says stop, your brain tells you that you need to stop only because this is what it has learnt to do in some cultures. Although in another culture where the word stop is just a heap of wiggly lines and means nothing they may see the red as danger and be cautious about their actions. Another example is when you read hieroglyphics, all most that do not understand them see are images of birds and leaves, whereas the people who know the writing see them as letters and words, it is how things are represented in the mind of others or one’s self. One of the basic units in visual culture can be signs, they can be icons and symbols, and are comprised of different codes. One thing can mean another and then could lead to a serious of different events. Signs that are a well-known icon are something like Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola is a worldwide known product, it is iconic to those who see it. There are many different ways people think of Coke, one of which is the writing on the bottle and the red label that coincides with the label on the bottle. Signs are comprised of different codes, in saying this they are all in their own way a code. In the war a code was considers a bunch or mumbled up words that made no sense, it only made sense to those who understood them. This is much like signs, only those who understand the signs can read them. Referring back to the stop sign as they are symbolic codes, whereas posters are iconic codes, the reasoning for this is because one symbolises an action whilst the other is an iconic image that is there to be seen and viewed so it may draw those who view it in. Although symbolic signs and iconic signs may seem very different they can sometimes be the same.

Music industry Essay

Elaine McArdle said, â€Å"The music industry is struggling with a full blown crisis†. What could possibly be pushing the music industry into a crisis one might ask, illegally downloading free music. In the essay, Up on Downloading, three Harvard Law School professors are trying to come up with different solutions to this problem that is occurring. Now that our technology has become so advanced, many people are figuring out ways to cheat the system, and when people are not paying for the music they have downloaded, the artist is not getting paid. Artists are not the only one losing money but everyone involved producing the music is losing money as well. There is also less and less people going out and buying CD’s. I could probably not even remember the last time I purchased a CD. So how are the artists and producers suppose to make money when we are stealing from them? Zittrain, Nesson, and Fisher believe they could possibly have the solution to save the music industry. Fisher’s model â€Å"would replace the copyright system with a government-administered compensation plan, funded by a tax on hardware and other systems used to play digital music† (McArdle, pg1). Everyone would be able to download music for free, but everyone would have an additional tax on their internet service, blank CD’s, and any other digital device. The artists would be paid by the government based on the number of downloads their music receives. I totally disagree with this model. We already pay countless number of taxes, and many people do not even download music. Why should they be taxed on something else that does not affect them? I also feel our government has enough on their hands as it. We have had many government scandals recently and if I were an artist I would not want to be paid through the government.

Procter and Gamble Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Procter and Gamble - Case Study Example This is because; the organic sales segment increased its sale by 3% for the period between 2012 and 2013, compared to the general growth in the total sales of 1% (Procter & Gamble, 2013). The essence of P&G growing its brands to over 300+ is to ensure that it serves virtually every area of the consumer needs, such that the consumers are able to continuously purchase household products from P&G to satisfy every area of their life. In this respect, P&G has categorized its business into five segments, all of them seeking to satisfy the basic everyday consumer needs (Procter & Gamble, 2013). The probable products that will carry on the growth of P&G are the Baby Care and Family Care segment products, for example the Always sanitary napkins and the Pampers diapers, owing to the fact that this segment generates the company more revenues than the other four segments (Kumar, 2014). Some of the brands that the company will sell may include the laundry product Fab and also Fekkai hair products (Kumar, 2014). The investors of P&G should be encouraged, since the restructuring will maintain brands that earn the highest revenues for the company, while eliminating the most costly p roducts. The restructuring is informed by the need to lower the company’s operating costs, and thus increase the profit margins and the shareholders earnings for up to 4.3% (Kumar, 2014). A.G. Lafley is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of P&G (Nisen, 2013). Lafley management principles are making tough business decisions, and then mobilizing the whole team behind the decisions. The most inspiring thing about Lafley’s leadership style is that he does not leave strategies half-way developed, but rather pursues a strategy to the end, until its benefits or failures are well elaborate (Nisen, 2013). This strategy motivates the whole workforce to put their best foot forward until the results of a strategy are realized, which is what is creating more motivation for the P&G

Critical note Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Critical note - Case Study Example The first challenge of rotation is the fact that not all employees normally welcome rotation. Apart from employee resistance, rotation is quite expensive (Golembiewski, 1995). This is majorly because employees require training on how to go about their activities at their new areas of work. The aspect of rotation being expensive is double edged in that it requires both time and money to ensure that the employees are armed with the necessary skills to enable them deliver. Another obvious reality is the fact that when the employees are subjected to continuous rotation, they hardly master some issues in some of the departments. This is because quite a considerable time is required for the mastery to take place. I hold the perception that instead of rotating employees with the aim of creating different perceptions and cultural diversity, it is worthwhile for organizations to recruit trained workers across their various departments, and encourage exchange of ideas through organizing sessions that bring employees across various departments together. In an attempt to create cultural diversity, organizations should always ensure that they balance their employees such that they originate from different cultures. This though should not be misunderstood to mean that competency should not be adhered

CHRISTINA GOLD LEADING CHANGE AT WESTERN UNION Research Paper

CHRISTINA GOLD LEADING CHANGE AT WESTERN UNION - Research Paper Example Western Union implemented an organizational change that was targeted to raise the participation of all its employees as well as increase its productivity by enhancing adaptability to the environment. Kotter and Cohen suggest an eight-step model of change that can explain how an organization can change in response to different situations in the market so that it can achieve the intended goal. Christiana Gold, the Chief Executive Officer of Western Union implemented an organizational structure change in the company so that it could enhance the productivity of the company in the market. Through her effort, Gold wanted to ensure that the company can achieve high quality performance in the midst of the different things that happened in the market. While Gold’s plan of implementation of change could be related to Kotter and Cohen’s 8-step model, the plan could have had some differences that could be a different approach that can improve the success of implementation of the ch ange. In the first step where Gold wanted to implement change, she identified the things that needed a change and helped the employees of the company to see the need of the organizational change. ... As in Kotter and Cohen’s 8-step model step three (Daft & Lane, 2008), Gold created a vision of what Western Union would be if the changes in the organizational structure were implemented in the company. She had a vision of the company having a global outlook and she focused on the ways through which different people could enhance the change of mindsets of all employees from a small company kind of company to one which would have a world focus. Through different people with whom she interacted, she communicated the vision, and this received the approval of some leaders at the regional level of organization accepting the new structure and showing positivity. This was regardless of reluctance to change that was witnessed in some leaders in America who could not see the essence of the new structure of organization and perceived it as a threat to their positions (Rowe & Guerrero, 2011). The resistance to change that the different people faced in the implementation of the organizati onal structure change would have been easy to address if Gold had encouraged a broad-based action in which the employees and the leaders in different regions would be able to influence the employees (Daft & Lane, 2008). In this respect, the leaders would make it easy to communicate the changes that she wanted the employees to implement, and this would take a shorter time to achieve goals, as opposed to the style she used when implementing change in America, where regional leaders were reluctant to change. In order to achieve this plan of the company to implement change in the organizational structure, Gold advocated for establishment of offices and leaders in the offices that could steer the new plan of the company.

Strengths and limitations of assessment methods Essay

Strengths and limitations of assessment methods - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that different assessment methods can be more or less effective in assessing the different skills, attitudes, and knowledge of your students. A teacher would probably set up a practical activity and have learners demonstrate their skills for assessment. Some learners are not, however, as confident as others demonstrating practical skills and need more time to observe others or to practice these skills in a less formal setting. Practical assessments, such as demonstrations, presentations, and simulations can be limited with regards to assessing learners’ theoretical understanding of a subject. Group discussions can engage and motivate the majority of students but some learners might feel left out. Multiple-choice exams provide opportunities for learners to receive immediate feedback and results but do not provide them with opportunities to elaborate on concepts. Essays, on the other hand, provide learners with opportunities to explore their ideas and elaborate on concepts relating to the subject but are difficult to assess. Some assessment methods, like role-plays, can be â€Å"holistic† and help you assess the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of your learners but some learners can be inhibited by their nerves. Given the above strengths and weaknesses of different assessment methods, it is important for an instructor or a teacher to consider individual learner needs. For instance, it is essential that any initial assessment procedure is done in the context of recognizing a learner’s aspirations as well as learning goals.

Any attempt to provide an adequate theory of cognition that ignores Essay

Any attempt to provide an adequate theory of cognition that ignores emotion is probably doomed to failure (Eysenck, 1995). Discuss - Essay Example This paper is dedicated to analysis of relationships between cognitions and emotions in order to find out whether Eysenck's (1995) thesis is right or not. There are now few doubts that cognitions and emotions together constitute the core of personality, its set, and in fact make "what a human is" (Kelly, 1969). The value of emotions and cognitions for personality could hardly be underestimated. Already Aristotle admitted the value of emotions in people's lives (Kafetsios and LaRock, 2003). In the early XVIII century J.Berkeley was one of the first to distinguish emotions and cognitions. J. Berkeley came to the conclusion that people's reactions on the stimuli - the so-called "ideas", are combinations of cognitions (the acts of people's minds) and emotions (the acts of people's soul and fantasy). According to Thomists' ideas, emotions and cognitions are the major characteristics that differentiate human beings from non-humans (Lyons, 1999). Regardless the visible simplicity of the issue, both the nature of emotions and cognitions and their relationships still remain discussable and contestable amidst psychologists and physiologists. There are numbers of approaches and theories that tend to go into two extremes. One of these extremes insists on poor or even no relationship between cognitions and emotions. This extreme reflects metaphysical attitude to affects understood as the antitheses of rationality. Another approach Another approach named "biological" or "physiological" theory of emotions summarizes the findings of Ch. Darwin (psychoevolutionary theory), W. James and C. Lange (organic theory), and W. Cannon (psycho-organic theory) who generally explained emotions as the functions of mind and believed that emotions are unrelated to cognitions. Also this statement is less supported by contemporary psychologists, until now the biological approach has a number of partisans. Modern reinterpretations of this approach still assume that cognitions and emotions are completely different in nature. While cognitions are extremely structured and "personalized", emotions are less individual and, in fact "depersonalized", as most people share the same emotions reacting on the same events (Danes, 1991). The common critique to this point of view usually implies the following statement: if people's emotions are unrelated to their thinking, then our emotional reactions should always be the same and stable regardless the stimuli. However, our emotional reactions, in fact, lie on a certain continuum, where such emotion as "attraction" may range from a "slight interest" to "passion" depending on our rational evaluation of an object. This statement implies psychological relatedness between emotional and rational (cognitive) processes which participate in rational procession of data. Another extreme, widely known as "cognitive approach", implies that emotions and cognitions can not be analyzed and understood separately as they both constitute the joint process of reacting. According to cognitivists, emotions

Contemporary artists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contemporary artists - Essay Example The essay "Contemporary artists" discusses the importance of displacement and the perceived lack or flux of geopolitical boundaries to contemporary artists. Conversely, it is important to appreciate the fact that although displacements, migrations and perceived lack or flux of geo-political boundaries have closely knit contemporary artists from many parts of the world into a global assemblage of persons with common interests, yet the same has led to the strengthening of national cultural heritage, vis-Ã  -vis, the strengthening of contemporary artistes in their given country. This happens as any country or geopolitical entity or body politic become aware of the fact that through globalization, multiculturalism is acting as a force that gnaws away at a people’s socio-cultural values and heritage. It is against this backdrop that states, countries, nation-states or other geopolitical entities have come to craft and ratify policies that are to consolidate or strengthen cultural and social heritage. Chiefly featuring among these policies is the creation of the aforementioned associations which are nevertheless nation or state-specific. The Contemporary Art Society of Victoria Inc. [commonly known as CAS] exists and functions as a non-profiting organization seeks to promote the interests of artists interested in contemporary art works exemplifies government attempts to consolidate contemporary artists within the confines of geopolitical boundaries. CAS is run by artists, for the benefits.

Business Proposal - Center Parcs UK - Market Anaylsis Essay

Business Proposal - Center Parcs UK - Market Anaylsis - Essay Example Reference can be made, for example, to the status of organic food market in UK, as compared with the relevant markets of Germany and France, for the years from 2006 to 2009 (Figure 1 below). Figure 1 – Organic food market in UK, from 2006 to 2009 (Padel 2011, p.4) In a report published in 2012 it is explained that organic food industry in UK has been reduced by an average percentage of 5.5% for the years from 2008 to 2013 (IBIS World 2012). It is also noted that among the supermarkets that provide to the public organic food, John Lewis has the first position and Sainsbury’s is positioned as second (IBIS World 2012). At this point, it should be noted that the global organic food industry has achieved a significant growth in the international market; in 2010, the growth of the organic food industry internationally has reached a percentage of 8.8% (Soil Association 2012), in opposition with UK where the specific sector shows signs of continuous decline, as described above. 1.2. Competitor analysis Organic food market in UK is promoted through businesses of different types. ... ce should be made here to the potential of consumers to buy organic foods of various types in street markets, in those regions that such option is available. Figure 3 – Organic food market structure in UK (Source Organic Monitor 2009, p.18) On the other hand, it seems that the competition in the particular industry is rather strong; still, there is chance for new entrants. The major competitors in the UK organic food industry are presented in Figure 4, below. It is clear that there is space for new entrants, especially in regard to the indirect provision of organic food, as in the case of CenterParcs, a firm that aims to develop an organic food restaurant. Figure 4 – Major competitors in the UK organic food industry (Organic Monitor 2009, p.19) 1.3. Consumers 1.3.1. Consumer behaviour The support of consumers in UK towards the organic food market seems to be rather instable. In 2008, as recession appeared, the sales of organic food started to decline (The Guardian 2008, in Padel 2011, p.6). In an extended survey published in the newspaper The Times one year after, i.e. in 2009, a similar trend was reported (Padel 2011, p.6). It was clear, up to then, that consumers in UK had started to re-examine the necessity and the value of organic food (Padel 2011, p.6). It should be noted though that for consumers the origin of organic food seems to be of critical importance; in a survey developed in 2009, 64% of participants stated that they prefer ‘organic products produced locally’ (Padel 2011, p.11), compared to those originated from another country. According to the above findings, skepticism has been developed by consumers in the UK market in regard to organic food products. The firm that will manage to capture the actual consumer preferences in regard to consumer

John Clare Essay Example for Free

John Clare Essay John Clare (1793-1864) was born on July 13 at Helpstone, a village in Northamptonshire, close to the Lincolnshire fens. His father, Parker Clare, worked as a farm laborer. In his spare time his father was also a rustic wrestler and ballad singer. Clare attended a dame school in his native village, and then went to Glinton School in the next village. When his father became ill with rheumatism, Clare began work first as a horse-boy, then ploughboy, then as a gardener at Burghley House. In 1812 he enlisted in the militia, returning home eighteen months later. He met Martha Turner in Casterton, who joined the Clare family just before the birth of the first of their eight children. Clare’s first book of poems appeared in 1820, published by Hessey and Taylor. The volume ran to four editions in the first year, and he became celebrated in London literary society as the â€Å"peasant poet†. In 1837 Clare was admitted into Mathew Allen’s private asylum of High Beech in Epping Forest, where he stayed for four years until he discharged himself, walking the eighty miles home to Northborough in three days, eating grass on the way. He wrote two long, suffering poems, Don Juan and Child Harold, which documented his precious mental state. He was certified insane by two doctors in December 18841 and was admitted to St, Andrews County Lunatic Asylum in Northampton, where he was treated well and continued to write, producing many short, semi-mystical poems. John Clare later passed away in the institution in 1864 at the age of 71. First Love I neer was struck before that hour With love so sudden and so sweet, Her face it bloomed like a sweet flower And stole my heart away complete. My face turned pale as deadly pale. My legs refused to walk away, And when she looked, what could I ail? My life and all seemed turned to clay. And then my blood rushed to my face And took my eyesight quite away, The trees and bushes round the place Seemed midnight at noonday. I could not see a single thing, Words from my eyes did start They spoke as chords do from the string, And blood burnt round my heart. Are flowers the winters choice? Is loves bed always snow? She seemed to hear my silent voice, Not loves appeals to know. I never saw so sweet a face As that I stood before. My heart has left its dwelling-place And can return no more First love is a poem, which shows the experience the poet has falling in love for the first time. It is rejoicing the love he attained for a woman named Mary Joyce however there is sadness and a feeling of dissatisfaction hovering in the background. This feeling exists, as the love was unrequited. The poem has an underlying tone of innocence and flurry of emotions as it is the poets very first attempt at love exhibiting his feelings for Mary. The opening of the first stanza only shows how sudden and unexpected the feeling was as he was never â€Å"struck before that hour†, this is followed my sibilance alliteration so sudden and so sweet further emphasizing on the shock and bewilderment of the overwhelming feeling confirming it is a new experience. He uses his heart as a symbol that she has stolen completely away however unknowingly. The paragraph continues to describe how he physically felt ill as his face turned pale a deadly pale. Generally when a person falls in love the instinct is that the blood rushed to the face, which occurs as a latter reaction. This could be because he probably already sensed that the love could not be returned as he didn’t say anything to her instead he hoped that his eyes would convey the message â€Å"words from my eyes did start†. He never came close to even touching or  talking to her however the line â€Å"all seemed to turn to clay† conveys the strong affection he attained for her. He also shows how the woman is in control of their relationship as she could mould and re-mould him as per her wish. In the second stanza he goes on to describe more of his emotions brought forward by this interaction. He makes it quite visual for us of how the love has its affect on him and how he flushes with embarrassment so much that for a moment he feels blind. The physical impact of love relates the experience of love and loss.

Policy and Example Strategic Planning Essay Example for Free

Policy and Example Strategic Planning Essay Identify and describe what it is about strategic plans that make them difficult to implement. Support your argument with an example Strategic planning: matching organizational objectives and capabilities to the anticipated demands of the environment to produce a plan of action that will ensure achievement of objectives.( Denhardt Denhardt, 2010) What make strategic plans difficult is trying to plan make a decision that effects multiple people with different beliefs or issues. An example would be immigration reform the us is trying to reform the immigration rules and make a set of laws that effect multiple immigrants but not all immigrants have the same issues or back ground. Some immigrants or here do to no fault of their own, some are here on expired visas and others are just here straight out illegally. It hard to make law or a plan for those that are in this country due to no fault of their own. As the author notes, the effective communication of a policy analysis to policymakers is frequently difficult. Explain the sources of this difficulty, and describe at least three ways you might attempt to overcome it. Policy analysis: is the process of researching or analyzing public problems to provide policy makers with specific information about the range of available policy options and advantages and disadvantages of different approaches ( Denhardt Denhardt, 2010). The author pointed out in Denhardt Denhardt on page 203 is that the problem is only vaguely understood at the outset, and part of the analyst job to develop background statement or issue a paper that outlines the paper. On method of solving the problem would be to start a focus group or have a town hall meeting to discuss the issues or problems others have faced when it come to the issue you are researching. Two would be to conduct substantial research from various sources such as journals, books, news papers and so fourth, and third talk to people that or at the same agency level are you that could be helpful.

Political Parties in South Africa

Political Parties in South Africa Abgenia Rivoningo Hlophe Unravelling the Political Ideologies Associated With ANC, DA and AGANG. South Africa is constituted by three main parties at the forefront of the political spectrum, namely: The African Nation Congress (ANC), The Democratic Alliance (DA) and Agang. These political parties have formed their policies based on ideologies and principles which they believe will make South Africa a more successful country. It is incumbent upon one, as a citizen of the republic, to analyze the ideologies associated with each of the aforementioned parties. In an effort to address the analysis thoroughly, this essay will closely evaluate the political ideologies associated the ANC, the DA and Agang respectively. Foremost, to adequately comprehend the nature of the ideologies upheld by the ANC, DA and Agang, one must begin by understanding the concept of political ideology itself. Renowned author Andrew Heywood defines ideology as â€Å"a social-scientific viewpoint, an ideology is a more or less coherent set of ideas that provides a basis for organized political action†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2013:28). As it apparent in Heywood’s explanation of ideology, there is a close relation between the ideology of a political party and its actions. This relation will be evident in the party’s policies on matters ranging from service delivery to economic growth as well as building alliances. When the first democratic constitution of South Africa was set out in 1996, Section 19 clearly highlighted that any party that sets out to run for political office, must not infringe on the rights and freedom of the citizens of the country (Parliament South Africa, 2008). Primarily, this is a liberal ideological perspective. Specifically because liberalism views the individual as the most important element in society, thus stipulating that the freedom of the individual far exceeds the need for authority and control (Heywood, 2013: 32). Interestingly, one can note that all the political parties to be discussed display liberalism in their manifestos and policies. It must be observed that Liberalism will be an inherent ideology in light of these three political parties. The African National Congress (ANC)’s ideological stance As the Liberation movement that rose to ruling party, the ANC boasts on having conquered the struggle for the individual’s freedom from oppressive laws. They are fundamentally a liberal party even though they also portray socialist ideals. The ANC displays the main elements of Liberalism which Heywood lists as individualism, freedom, reason, equality, toleration, consent and constitutionalism. Apart for being the first Democratic Party, ANC takes pride in having been under the leadership of the father of freedom himself, Former President Nelson Mandela in 1994.Nelson Mandela, and the ANC at large believe in freedom to a great extent, this is evident in the historic event of Mandela’s imprisonment on Robben Island. Furthermore, the ANC asserts a necessity to uplift the individual through its programs such as the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) law that aims to place previously disadvantaged individuals in a position of management. They also promise to ensure a better life for the individual by creating 6 million jobs by 2019 so that each person can be able to fend for themselves (ANC, 2014) Another aspect is that they are attempting to provide equality of opportunity through opening a gap in the entrepreneurial sphere by ensuring that 75% of goods and service used by business and industry are bought within the South African manufacturing sphere (ANC, 2014). That way, each individual, regardless of background can be involved in the economic sphere. The introduction of free public education ensures an equality of opportunity for all citizens. Furthermore, the ANC outlined in their manifesto that they are â€Å"to work with [their] allies and the people to move South Africa forward†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ANC, 2014). With the reasoning that an institution’s allies not only fund, but also influence its manner of governance, the ANC’s liberalism can further be accentuated by its alliance with the United States (US) leader of the Liberalist party – Barack Obama. In his visit to South Africa (SA) during 2012 and again in July 2013, the trade and investment opportunities between SA and the US were corroborated, resulting in an R7bn agreement towards renewable energy and a leadership program for the youth (News24, 2013). The ANC is also a socialist party. This ideology is characterized by six main issues which are community, fraternity, social equality, need, social class and common ownership (Heywood, 2013: 39). In layman’s terms, socialism involves economic efforts aimed at a group, specifically the entire populace of a country not individuals. ANC’s socialist ideas are revealed through their continuous emphasis on collaborative efforts towards community upliftment. In the National Development Plan (NDP), the main aim is to reduce the levels of poverty in South Africa (ANC, 2014). There are programs put in place such as the food for all programme, which aims to feed the people in poor communities, the National Health Insurance to provide free basic healthcare, HIV/AIDS programmes (Butler, 2008). All these ideals by their ANC align with their foundational principles to create a better South Africa for all those who live in it as a brotherhood, as stated by the Freedom Charter of 1955 (South African History,2005). The Democratic Alliance (DA) and its ideological stance As it was unequivocally expressed when the party was formed, the DA is a liberalist party. In the framework for their manifesto, DA places much emphasis on an effective form of governance which, although limit, will ensure a better life for the individuals of South Africa. Since standing as the Western Cape Minister in 2009, The DA has become a member of the Liberal International and the Africa Liberal Network, which are both have formed with the intention to persuade and propose Liberal principles so that they prevail (DA Abroad, 2011). The DA strives to achieve a limited amount of interference by the government, which is a crucial component of liberalism (DA, 2013). This will promote the freedom of the individual above all other entities. They are a party that brings to the attention of the citizens, the flaws of government and regard this as a way to encourage people to give consent in issues that pertain to their government. Stated in their policy is that there should be â€Å"a limited number of political appointments† (DA, 2013). Which comes as a response to the fact that, much of government expenditure that could be used on citizen, is dedicated towards paying salaries of the 11151 executive members of government under the ANC (South African Reserve Bank, 2013). In an effort to promote equal opportunity, the DA has suggested measures such as putting in place an oversight committee to help reduce corruption and increase accountability to the people (DA, 2013). Also, they will start graduate recruitment programmes to help create opportunities for young people regardless of background and social standing. The apparent strong leadership by women within the political party comes to represent their feminist views. Feminism promotes gender equality. The mere fact that the DA is led by women in parliament namely Lindiwe Mazibuko, as well in office by Helen Zille becomes indicative of a feminist views of the party. AGANG and its ideological stance. On February 12 2013, South African politics witnessed the birth a new political party platform by esteemed academic and activist Dr. Mamphele Ramphele. From its birth, Agang showed Liberal intent. In her launch speech, Ramphele urged South African individual to work in conjunction with the government they have elected to â€Å"build the nation of our dreams† (Independent News, 2013) Being an academic herself, Ramphele appealed to all South African’s on the basis of reason, which is a deliberate liberal persuasion. She says â€Å"our rallying cry during the struggle for freedom was for the people to govern† showing that she recognizes the individual as being the one to give consent to government in how the country should be governed. In conjunction with that, she laments the fact that the greatest number of people who are unemployed, of the 60percent, the majority is youth. It is further suggested that opportunity for education should be created for all people by radically altering the education system. That can be done through the introduction of higher pass rates, eradication of mud schools and improvement of infrastructure (Agang SA, 2014) The empowerment of the individual is suggested through the plans to create incentives for companies who invest in rural communities, changing the tax system to favor entrepreneurship (Agang SA, 2014) Ultimately, Agang is purely liberal and classically appeals to the reason, consent and freedom of the individual while working with the government. In retrospect, the African National Congress (ANC), Democratic Alliance and Agang have great similarities in their approach to politics, all which are justified in terms of the constitution. The variation then exists in the implementation of their ideology when drafting policies. Thus, this solidifies the paramount importance of ideologies in a position of power. Proving that even though, it is all but a matter of perspective, whether it being liberal, socialist or capitalist, ideologies are the foundation of any political action by the ANC, DA and Agang. Bibliography Heywood, A. 2013. Politics. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillian. Butler, A.2005. How Democratic is the African National Congress? Journal of Southern African Studies Volume 31 (No. 4) : pp. 719 -736. Rowland C. Jones J. Recasting the American Dream: Barack Obama keynote address to the 2004 Democratic National Convention. Quarterly Journal of speech Volume 93 (No. 4): pp 238 – 250. ANC. 2014. ANC [online] Available from www.anc.org.za/list.php?t=Manifesto [ Accessed; 13 February 2014] Kondile, K. (2013) ANC: Obama visit strengthened US- SA ties. News24. [online] 01 July. Available from www.news24.com/SouthAfrica//ANC-Obama-visit-strengthened-US-SA. [ Accessed: 15 February 2014] South African History organization. 2005. [online] Available from www.sahistory.org.za [Accessed: 18 February 2013] South African Parliament. 2005.[online] Available from www.parliament.gov.za Democratic Alliance SA. 2014. [online] Available from www.da.org.za. [Accessed: 16 February 2014] South African reserve Bank. 2013. â€Å"Government finance statistics of South Africa; 1994 – 2013.† [online]. Available from www.resbank.co.za [Accessed: 18 February 2014] Independent Newspaper. (2013). Mamphele Ramphele full launch speech. Independent newspaper [online] 18 Feb 2013 15:44. Available from www. Independentnews.co.za [accessed; 18 February 2013] Agang SA. 2014. Policy. [online] Available from www.agangsa.org.za [Accessed; 18 February 2014] 1

Othello :: essays research papers

Jealousy is what made most of Iagos plans a success. Iago was the bad guy and Othello was the good guy, and everybody else that was affected didn’t do anything to deserve it. Iago was the mastermind that planed everybody’s painful death. Iago lies to Casio to try to make Othello kind of disbelieving in Desdemona and think that she is with Casio. Othello gave his wife Desdemona a handkerchief that his dead mother gave to him. Then Iago planned to get that handkerchief and he did succeed, he got it from Emilia who falls for Iagos trick. Iago gave the handkerchief to Casio, then Othello sees the same handkerchief that he had gave to Desdemona. So now Othello is angry because he saw Casio with the handkerchief. After this Iago is allied with Othello and they plan to kill Casio and Desdemona. Iago tells Othello to strangle his wife but Othello wants to poison her. Somehow Iago convinces Othello to strangle her and also promises Casio’s death to Othello. That night Ia go gets his puppet Rodrigo and tells him to go and kill Casio, and Rodrigo is so stupid and obeys Iagos commands. Rodrigo does not kill Casio but Iago does get a good shot at Casio’s leg. Since Rodrigo does not kill Casio, Iago goes ahead and kills Rodrigo and making Casio think that Iago is still his friend. Since Iago does not succeed in killing Casio, Iago starts to panic and thinks his plans are going to fail. But since Othello kill Desdemona, everyone races to their room and most of the characters in Othello are there. Othello confesses that he killed Desdemona, but because she was sleeping with Casio. Every one doubts him so Othello says that he saw Casio with the handkerchief he gave Desdemona. Then Emilia jumps in and is about to say something but Iago whispers something to her and tells her that its time to go home, but Emilia refuses and starts to speak out and says that the handkerchief was left behind in the bed and she picked it up.

What it means to be an American Essay -- Patriotism United States Amer

What does it mean to be an American? The soil of the middle-east stained with the blood of our American soldiers just so we can not take advantage of our right to vote. Though sometimes questionable, America's overall image portrayed to other countries is an honorable one. America is known for its democracy and as well as being a land of opportunities and many freedoms. America's assortment of ethnicities and cultures is proof that our country is a desirable one. Wars are being fought at this very moment to defend these freedoms. There are many battles that have dictated what America is and stands for today. Some of these battles were literal fights and others were ones of a societal nature. For example, The Civil War was a pivotal battle in American history that freed African-Americans from slavery which was led and won politically by Abraham Lincoln. Following this was Dr. Martin Luther King?s work which led to the end of segregation also against African-Americans. Currently, America is fighting a war on terrorism against several countries. America?s origin will truly tell why ...

English Vs Math Essay example -- essays research papers

English Vs. Math   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To most people English or Language Arts is a creative course and math is just a logical, you get it or you don’t class. My purpose writing this paper is to change your mind. I believe that Math is just as, or more creative than English. I will demonstrate this through a couple of examples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, we must understand what is behind the creative aspect in English. Most people consider that English is the, ‘creative,’ subject because of titles such as ‘creative writing’ and ‘creative thinking’ and in contrast there is no creative something in math. In English when we are, let’s say, going to write a creative short story we use our imaginations and there are no limits. Now on the other hand in math when faced with a problem such as; if you have 300 meters of fence and have to enclose a rectangular field. What would be the dimensions of the field that would yield the largest area? When mathematicians go to solve one of these they have to be creative in their problem solving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps, one of the best ways to demonstrate creativity in math is through an identity question. An identity question is where you have an equation and you try to manipulate each side individually without touching the other side and get them to be equal. We start off with something like sin squared theta over cos theta plus cos and the objective here is to prove that it is identical to sec theta. At...

Family and Young Boy Charley

Book Report â€Å"For One More Day†, By Mitch Albom Made by: Kitti Kristanti, Sec 1d For One More Day â€Å"This is a story about a family, and as there is a ghost involved, you might call it a ghost story. But every family is a ghost story  . The dead sit at our tables long after they have gone. † This is a beautiful, haunting novel about the family we love and the chances we miss. It explores the question, â€Å"What would you do if you could spend one more day with the ones you love? †Ã‚   The story  covers a conversation  Charley Benetto has with a sports writer.Throughout the conversation he goes back and forth between  the one last day he had with his mother and the important  events in his life, sharing his feelings– both past and present– about them. I particularly enjoyed the   way he shared throughout the book little vignettes of the times his mother stood up for him and the times he didn’t stand up for her. As a mother myself, I couldn’t help wondering if someday my own children would be able to look back and see with clarity the sacrifices I have made for them.Throughout the book I ‘heard’ some of the same things from the young boy Charley that I hear from my own children. It was rewarding and brought hope to see him come to a realization of how his interpretation of the events had been inaccurate and skewed by emotions in the moment. Perhaps my children will also understand someday As a young boy Charley Benetto makes the choice to be a daddy’s boy and does everything his father asks him to. Then his father disappears, leaving a broken family and an embarrassing situation for the young Charley to endure.Being raised by a single mother has it’s challenges and plenty of embarrassment, many that Charley takes out on his mother. â€Å"So he chooses his father, and he worships him- right up to the day the man disappears. An eleven-year-old Charley must then turn to his mother, who bravely raises him on her own, despite Charley’s emabarrassment and yearning for a complete family. †   Ã¢â‚¬ Decade later, Charley is a broken man. His life has been crumbled by alcohol and regret. He loses his job. He leaves his family. He hits bottom after discovering his only daughter has shut him out of her wedding.And he decides to take his own life. † â€Å"He makes a midnight ride to his small home-town, with plans to do himself in. But upon failing to do that, he staggers back to his old house, only to make an astonishing discovery. His mother- who died eight years earlier- is still living there, and welcomes him home as if nothing had ever happened. † â€Å"What follows is the one ‘ordinary’ day so many of us yearn for, a chance to make good with a lost parent, to explain family secrets, and to seek forgiveness. Somewhere between this life and the next, Charley learns the things he never knew about his mother and h er sacrifices.And he tries, with her tender guidance, to put the crumbled pieces of his life back together. † I related to this story on many levels. As a single mother myself I could relate to many of the experiences described and gained insight into what my children may be experiencing as a result of events they have no control over. As a daughter  who has at times experienced a  strained relationship with my own mother,   I gained  valuable insights into my own childhood memories and interpretations and was  reminded, again, that there is much more to the story that I do not completely understand.And as always– the betrayal revealed in the end made the recent and  painful betrayal of my own life seem small and insignificant in comparison. This clever story, told in Mitch’s masterful storytelling style, has left me with a new appreciation and understanding for those I love and has motivated me to be more intentional in valuing and cherishing the rel ationships I enjoy with those I love so that I will not be left with regrets for the experiences and the love lost. I highly recommend this book to anyone who has ever been a part of a family, who has ever lived with regrets, and who has ever questionned the value of their very existence.

The Threats Of Increasing Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

Global heating, besides referred to as the nursery consequence, is the ageless addition in the mean temperature of the Earth ‘s near-surface and oceans. It has been one of the environment ‘s and worlds ‘ greatest menaces for the last decennary. Its chief menaces are the additions of the mean temperature of the Earth, rises in sea degrees, and climate alteration among others and in the most utmost instance, it could kill all of us along with the terminal of the universe. In the old old ages, emanations of nursery gases in the ambiance were balanced out by those that were of course absorbed.A As a consequence, nursery gases concentrations have been reasonably stable giving a consistent clime and thereby keeping even planetary temperatures. However, with the usage of more and more energy and resources over clip, the Earth can non absorb the extra pollutants any longer and they are hence retained in the ambiance and this causes major jobs as explained below. First, air pollution is one of the chief causes of planetary heating. The latter is caused by human activities affecting the inordinate usage of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, crude oil and natural gas among others, to bring forth electricity, heat our places, power our mills and run our cars.A These fossil fuels contain C which is released when they are burned, they the combine with O to organize C dioxide in the ambiance. Greenhouse gases are besides released ; viz. C dioxide, methane, azotic oxide and fluorocarbons. Carbon dioxide is the most harmful one to the nature since it is the gas with the higher concentration in our planet. Harmonizing to the statistics of the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre, there have been a rise in the C dioxide concentration of more than 2 parts per million during the twelvemonth 2001 and 2005[ 1 ]. The extra nursery gases stay in the ambiance and these act as a shield, which reflect all the sunshine energy back to the Earth taking to overh eating. In other words, sunshine is let through the ambiance and the reflected sunshine beams are kept at bay interior. Furthermore, there is the inordinate usage of man-made merchandises which contain Cl, F and C. There is besides methane which is released from landfills and agribusiness, azotic oxide from fertilisers, vehicles and gases used for infrigidation and industrial procedures C dioxide. These destroy our ozone bed, either by diminishing its thickness or by doing holes in it. We can non afford the depletion of the ozone bed, since it protects the Earth and us from high UV radiation. As a consequence of this, extremely energetic solar beams get straight into contact with the Earth, and merely a few of its energy has been absorbed by the ozone bed. Together with the pollutants that are already blocked in the ambiance, this intense energy is trapped in bend indoors as explained above. The Environment Agency reports show that there has been an addition of about 2 Degrees Celsius of in the Earth ‘s mean temperature since 2002[ 2 ] Furthermore, another great cause of planetary heating is deforestation which involves the cutting down trees to supply land infinite for agricultural intents or building intents among others. In proficient footings, the trees absorb C dioxide and release oxygen.A This procedure occurs of course by photosynthesis, which occurs less and less as we cut and burn down trees.A As the copiousness of trees diminutions, less C dioxide can be recycled.A As they are burned down, more C is released into the air, adding to the nursery consequence. In other words, C dioxide is being added to the ambiance at a faster rate than photosynthesis can take the extra gas with deforestation. The research conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, some 13 million hectares of woods worldwide are lost every twelvemonth and deforestation represents about 30 % of the nursery gases emitted yearly[ 3 ]. This loss is important to climate alteration, because life on Earth is C based ; trees build themselves with the C dioxide that would otherwise heat our ambiance. Forests act as a mammoth sponge, conserving H2O. They shade and moderate temperature, shelter beings from air current and cold, and bring forth nutrient for us.[ 4 ] Coupled with these, there are some other minor causes of the nursery consequence, viz. : cowss rise uping, rice cultivation, heavy dumping in the landfills and H2O, the usage in of pesticides and insect powders that contain toxic chemicals, dust produced from rock crushers, escape in atomic industries and volcanic eruptions among the legion others. As we have seen so far, human existences every bit good as engineering are the chief perpetrators for the bad status of the environment today and we are the lone 1 that can work out it, if non cut down it to let the endurance of the future coevals. The impacts of planetary heating are immense as good and they are really harmful in the long tally. We have already witnessed it and it is acquiring worse. However, there can be a 2nd ice age if the Earth does non warm up at all and this can be regarded as the lone â€Å" benefit † of planetary heating. In the visible radiation of the above, we can reason that planetary heating, which is speed uping, which is a human-created phenomenon that is really unsafe and must be reduced. In brief, planetary heating is the release of nursery gases in the ambiance ensuing into the nursery consequence. They are formed chiefly due human activities that pollute the air, big graduated table cutting down of woods and the usage of CFC merchandises and are doing more nursery gases, particularly C dioxide, to construct up quickly in the ambiance. There is an pressing demand to cut down the emanation of these gases ; the maximal humanly possible. While authoritiess debate for actions, nature Teachs humanity this lesson: Earth is heating up, drastic alterations can happen any clip every bit shortly as a certain threshold is exceeded and it is clip for us, great and strong people, to pay attending and react and neutralise this phenomenon called planetary heating. The quicker we can respond and the more em anation we can forestall, the better it is since the Earth is alone.

Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Q2) â€Å"Evaluate the relative importance of corporate social responsibility relative to other corporate objective† (40 Marks) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a firm’s decision to accept responsibility for its social, environmental and ethical actions. A firm’s decisions whether to adopt and rank importance to CSR should be due to a variety of reasons, like the financial stability of the company aswell as the culture of the organisation. But one definitive factor would be a firm’s corporate objectives, corporate objectives are a quantifiable statement of a business’s goals which should include measurable targets. Essay will look to examine the relative importance of CSR in relation to other corporate objectives. Many companies underlying corporate objective is profit maximisation, with this goal ranking higher than any other. This party due to the share holder value theory which makes profit a priority, therefore resulting in many firms qu estioning whether to become more socially responsible is worth the additional costs which would result in reduced profit for the company and key stakeholder’s groups. Primark offers a perfect example to this point, Primark is a retail firm in which offers exceptionally low prices through exploiting cheaper labour from abroad. If the company was to become more socially responsible they would have to sacrifice their unique selling point of low prices which may cause the company to fail. Thus proving how many businesses will see little importance in CSR relative to profit maximization. On the other hand companies whose key corporate objective is profit maximisation should take into account that CSR represents a long term commitment which can help to improve reputation and image of the company. This is due to consumers becoming more and more aware and concerned over where goods are sourced from and how they are made. CSR is therefore likely to route to profit maximization in the long term due to consumers now looking for socially responsible companies, which may rank over price therefore resulting in higher sales and therefore higher profit. This can be seen in the company Marks & Spencer who launched their bag for life campaign promising to reduce the wastage of plastic bags, and also presented an opportunity for Marks to charge for bags resulting in higher profits. Marks & Spencer is therefore a great example of a company who has looked to become more socially responsible and as a result improving their brand and reputation and even creating opportunities to improve profits, therefore demonstrating the relative importance CRS can have with profit maximisation. In contrast profit maximisation should always remain key as CSR in cases can only help to maintain brand value having little effect on overall profit maximisation. In addition, another key corporate objective is market growth, to gain market growth companies invest heavily in advertising costs amongst other promotional campaign, therefore leaving many organisation questioning whether CSR is another cost which is not sure to be beneficial to the business. However supermarket giant Tesco main corporate objective is market growth, but Tesco has recently reported that targets had been underperformed, therefore CSR could be important to this objective. During times of market growth CSR can act as a USP to differentiate the company from competition, which could be why marks & Spencer received higher profits this year after launching their bag for life campaign promising to cut down on plastic bag wastage. Due a recent change in customers views and attitudes towards the environment, becoming more socially responsible could be vital to gain an edge over competition when aiming for market growth. Then again CSR can be dependent on each individual company on whether it holds any importance to key corporate objectives. For example many oil companies whose product is in such high demand that it isn’t necessary for the business to adapt any CSR strategy as the product is so inelastic that people will by it regardless of image or reputation. This is controversially not the case for the oil provider giant BP who recently suffered a massive public relation nightmare after a massive oil spill, leading to a big hit in their reputation and brand image. BP has now ironically made CSR one of their core objectives to help rebuild the reputation and gain market growth. To conclude it is clear that CSR holds an apparent importance to other corporate objectives of a business, with it able to acting as a unique selling point for a business who is looking for market growth this can be seen in the company velvet who recently launched their triple velvet range which promised to plant a tree for every pack sold. CSR can also help in profit maximization as CSR represents a long term commitment which is likely to route to profit maximisation in the future and merits priority. But alternatively CSR is not a law requirement and has been proven that It is not always necessary depending on each company’s products, for examples oil is in such high demand that whether the company adopts CSR or not will not matter as the product is in such high demand it will be purchased regardless. Finally many companies already have a strong brand image and reputation so do not need to adopt CSR within their corporate objectives but can rely on other existing qualities to help to full fill objectives. For example apple offers a unique product with a strong reputation for quality and brand image. All of these factors can help to contribute towards profit maximisation, with image and quality allowing for increased added value to their products helping to increase profit margins. As well as strong brand image and loyal customer base helping to drive companies forward through times of market growth.

Research on Internet Usage Among Penang Matriculation College

(i) BACKGROUND INFORMATION By the turn of the century, information, including access to the internet, will be the basis for personal, economic, and political advancement. The popular name for the internet is the information superhighway. Whether you want to find latest financial news, browse through library catalogs, exchange information with colleagues, or join in a lively political debate, the internet is the tool that will take you beyond your telephones, faxes, and isolated computers to a burgeoning networked information frontier.The internet supplements the traditional tools you use to gather information, data graphics, and news and correspond with other people. Used skillfully, the internet shrinks the world and brings information, expertise, and knowledge on nearly every subject imaginable straight to your computer. The internet links are computer networks all over the world so that users can share resources and communicate with each other. Some computers have direct access to all the facilities on the internet such as the universities. And other computers, (e. : privately-owned ones), have indirect links through a commercial service provider, who offers some or all of the internet facilities. In order to be connected to the internet, you must go through service suppliers. Many options are offered with monthly rates. Depending on the option chosen, access time may vary. The internet is what we call a metanetwork that is a network of networks that spans the globe. It is impossible to give an exact count of the number of networks or users that comprise the internet, but it is easily in the thousands and millions respectively.The internet employs a set of standardized protocols which allow for the sharing of resources among different kinds of computers that communicate with each other on the network. These standards, sometimes referred to as the Internet Protocol Suite, are the rules that developers adhere to when creating new functions for the internet. Th e internet is also what we call a distributed system; there is no central archive. Technically, no one runs the internet. Rather, the internet is made up of thousands of smaller networks.The internet thrives and develops as its many users find new ways to create, display and retrieve the information that constitutes the internet. (ii) OBJECTIVES The main objective of conducting this experiment is to investigate the internet usage among Penang Matriculation College (PMC) students. The survey is designed to answer the following questions; 1) How the students access the internet? 2) How often they access the internet? 3) How many hours they spend time online? 4) What type of website they usually visit while online? 5) Do online affect their performances in studies?And the most important thing is, by conducting this research; it reveals the reality of online behaviour among PMC students. At the early of the research, we came up with three hypotheses which might be related to the result of the research: Hypothesis 1: a) The majority of PMC students spend 3-5 hours online per week. Hypothesis 2: b) The main online purpose of PMC students is to keep in touch with their family and friends. Hypothesis 3: c) Majority of the students online and study at the same time. (iii) STATEMENT OF PROBLEM There are some problems we discovered that leads to this survey.We came up with three important questions that it might be related to the results of this research: 1. Does social networking website (e. g: Facebook, Twitter, Blog, etc. ) distract the students in their studies? * With the existence of electronic communication, it seems like the students have become addicted to these invention of public domain such as Facebook and Twitter. Some of them spend more than 3 hours online per day. Thus, does this online behavior affect their performances in studies? 2. How do the students manage their study time with their online behaviour? If students prefer to go study and online at the same time, will they be able to concentrate on their studies? This is the problem as we want to identify does this type of online behaviour affect the concentration of the students? 3. Can they survive their lives without any internet connection? * Internet is one of the important things needed in life, especially for students. It helps a lot as students need it in order to finish up all the assignments and get further information on certain topics. Students also surf the internet to get the latest news on current issues.How would the students finishing their assignments if there is no internet connection in the college? (i) RESPONDENTS We randomly selected 50 students of PMC which represent 3% of the total students. We believed that majority of the students use internet in their daily lives for education purposes. However, as we all know, in a new era world, students also need some entertainment to cheer up their lives an there is the role of internet as students also can use it to find some entertainment in order to release stress. (ii) INSTRUMENTSIn completing this research, we used various kind of method to gather data obtained: a) Questionnaire * 10 questions about internet usage among PMC students were being asked and the questionnaire was distributed to 50 students of PMC. They were asked to answer the survey in order to complete this research and gain the data. The 50 students were randomly selected among all the total students and they were from different module of courses. b) Internet search * We also made comparison between the internet usage among PMC students and survey made by other international researcher.We found out that the usage of internet among students was high especially in purpose of education such as to do research projects and presentation. However, they also used the internet to keep in contact with family and friends as the existence of social networking site helps a lot in connecting people all over the world. c) Book, newspaper a nd magazines * Besides, we also looked for points in magazines and newspaper about the latest news of internet usage among college students. How the internet plays its role in students’ lives and how the institution itself provide the nternet connection for the students. (iii) RESEARCH PROCEDURE a) Phase One At the early stage of this research, we made a questionnaire to be distributed to the students. The questionnaire was checked by our English lecturer, Mr. Asokan before being photocopied. The questionnaire which has been checked and approved then be photocopied and distributed to 50 selected students. b) Phase Two The distribution of the questionnaire was made during our recess time. We distributed the questionnaire to the students which came from different modules (Life Science, Physics and Accounting. Basically, the different module of students does not really affect our results of finding as we put our aim on their PSPM results which might be related to their online be haviour. c) Phase Three We took almost 5 days to distribute the questionnaire and collect the data. Every one of group members was very determined in conducting this research. The data collected was kept for further analysis. We gathered during weekend and made further discussion about the findings. ANALYSIS OF DATA & DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS We found out that 5% of the students access the internet through their mobile phone.We predicted that their mobile phone have the ability to access the internet through the prepaid internet service. 15% of the students preferred to online at the cyber cafe which is most of the students were female students as the cyber cafe only located at female students’ block. Besides, another 37% of the students have their own broadband to access the internet. The rest of 43% students used the Wi-fi provided by the college and also through cafe. We can conclude that students can access the internet through several of ways at anywhere and anytime. They don’t need to be worry as the internet connection is always being available.The students also can surf the internet for many purposes and the internet connection provided is unlimited except if they access through PMC Wi-fi as the server blocked several websites containing improper contents for the students. Based on the pie chart above, we can see that majority of the students access the internet several times a week which represent 43% of the students. Another 32% of the students access the internet everyday, 13% online once a week, 10% online several times a day and finally 2% of the students online rarely which is once a month or less.The findings proved that every student have different type of online behaviour. The students who online once in a month or less probably think that internet does not really affect their lives. While for the students who access the internet once a week may be online for important purpose only. As for the rest, they often access the internet m ay be to update themselves with latest issues or many other reasons. From the data obtained, 54% of the students spent time 3-5 hours online per week. Whereas 34% online more than 5 hours per week while another 12% spent 1-2 hours online per week.Spent 3-5 hours online per week is the average time for the PMC students to access the internet. They finished up their assignments, keep in touch with family and do other things online within 3-5 hours per week. They did not waste their time do something useless while online as 3-5 hours per week is a short period to access the internet. They managed to make use of the internet wisely. The main purpose of PMC students to go online is to contact their family and friends which cover 31% of the students. Basically, they might keep in contact through e-mails or video call with many types of communicating website such as Yahoo! nd Skype. 28% of the students preferred to surf the social networking site such as Facebook, Twitter and many other. T hey also were able to keep in touch through those social networking site. 14% of the students access the internet to play games and most of them were male students. Hence, another 11% online with the purpose of finishing the assignments or maybe get update about the latest education topic through PMC portal. There were also some students who spent their time online to read online newspaper (3%), downloading music or videos (6%), and others (7%).From the findings, we found out that there was correlation between students’ online behaviour with their studies performance. 46% of PMC students spent less than 10 hours on studies per week. This may due to the activity involved by the students itself. As class was finished in the late evening, students need more time to rest in order to prepare for the tomorrow class. At night, they had to finish their tutorials and made some revision for next topic. We can conclude that half of the PMC students spent more than 10 hours on studies pe r week. 9% spent more than 15 hours whereas another 25% spent time on studies between 10-15 hours. Different students have different ability to make revision. Some can study for more than 3 hours continuously per day while some cannot. It depends on the ability of the students itself. From the data collected, it was proven that most of the students did not preferred to study and go online at the same time. They felt better if go study and online separately. Meaning, they might think that online while studying was such a waste of time, as students will be more focus to the internet compare to the books.This type of online behaviour was not really good for students as it might affect student’s performance in studies. Thus, our third hypothesis which was the majority of the students online and study at the same time should be rejected as it was totally different from the result obtained. However, there were 39% of PMC students who still preferred to go study and online at the sa me time. It was how the student itself managed their study time and online time and in returns, there should be no problem with their studies performance.The final finding of this research was the PSPM 1 of PMC students. As we believed there was correlation between internet usage among PMC students and their studies performance, we noticed that 53% of the students achieved pointer of 3. 00-3. 99 in their PSPM 1. There was also 24% of the students’ success by achieved pointer of 4. From the above pie chart, it showed that the students were able to manage their time in studies and access the internet. As majority of them succeed by getting pointer of 3 and above. It proved that it depends on the student itself on how to manage their time.As the 16% of the student who got pointer of 2-2. 99 and 4% got 1. 99 or less, it might not because of the internet. They should work harder and lessen the internet usage if it was really affect their studies performance. CORRELATION BETWEEN ON LINE BEHAVIOUR AND STUDIES PERFORMANCE (i) CONCLUSIONS This study was intended to clarify the use of the Internet and its effect on studies performances of PMC students. Thorough investigation of three primary questions revealed there is correlation between the amount of time spent on the Internet and their studies performances.Additionally, the purposes of access the internet among PMC students showed that majority of the students online in order to keep in contact with family and friends and also to surf the social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Blog and many more. One finding of note was that the perception of the students about their studies performance was still not significantly influenced by Internet use. The seeming implication of this study is that the Internet, like so many other aspects of daily life, is merely a tool that individuals access and use in ways that they can choose. ii) RECOMMENDATIONS Throughout this research, we found out that internet was not the main factor that affect student’s performance. Students should put more effort in order to achieve excellent results in examination. Determination is very important as a saying goes â€Å"when there’s a will, there’s a way†. This research teaches us a lot from the perspective of team work and responsibility. Our hope is, future research can be carried in all the matriculation colleges in the country so that we can compare how internet affect student’s performances in studies do. REFERENCES Websites: 1. http://www. endeley. com/research/internet-use-among-female-and-male-college-s tudents/ 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Internet 3. http://www. jsu. edu/dept/geography/mhill/research/resrept. html 4. http://www. adelaide. edu. au/writingcentre/learning_guides/learningGuide_writingAResearchReport. pdf ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to every person who has made the completion of this project research . Without the help from them, we won’t be able to finish this research successfully. First of all, we would like thank our English Lecturer, Mr.Asokan, for his vital encouragement and support. Thank you for giving us the chance to conduct this experiment as we learnt a lot throughout this research. Thank you also for helping us and guide us on how to make a complete and good report. Besides, thank you to all the practicum members for giving us support and helping us in finding information. We discuss and share any important information that could help in comleting this project. Last but not least, thank to God, who made all things possible. That’s all. Thank you TABLE OF CONTENT TitlePage 1. 0 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background Information . 2 Objectives 1. 3 Statement of Problem 2. 0 METHODOLOGY 2. 1 Subject/Respondents 2. 2 Instruments 2. 3 Research Procedure 3. 0 FINDINGS & DISCUSSION 4. 0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 5. 0 REFERENCES & APPENDICES RESEARCH ON INTERNET USA GE AMONG PENANG MATRICULATION COLLEGE (PMC) STUDENTS GROUP MEMBERS: * MUHAMMAD ALIFF HAIQAL BIN MUHAMMAD NASIR (MS1113508572) * MUHAMMAD AZREE IZUDDIN BIN AZMAN (MS1113508640) * SHARIFAH NURFADHLIN AFIFAH BINTI SYED AZHAR (MS1113510255) * SITI HAJAR BINTI HASSAN (MS1113510322) PRACTICUM: H1P2 LECTURER’S NAME: MR. ASOKAN

Creative Photography Module

What makes a photographer influential? Photographers capture emotion, represent stories, and convey history. If you look at portraits of modern celebrities, you are likely to come across the name Annie Leibniz. She has taken portraits of everyone from John Lennox and Queen Elizabeth II to Michael Jackson and Bill Gates. Her photographs have appeared in a number of different fashion and music magazines over the course of her career. Leibniz was born in Waterbury, Connecticut in 1949. Her father was a member of the UnitedStates Air Force, and the family moved frequently around the world. It was in the Philippines that Leibniz took some of her first photographs, and her interest in art and music flourished in high school. Returning to the United States after living in Israel, Leibniz took a Job with Rolling Stone magazine. Her first cover image appeared on January 12, 1971, and she became the chief photographer for the magazine in 1973. For the next ten years, her style of photographing celebrities helped to define not only the magazine that she worked for, but also the style of portraits that appeared in other magazines and mediums.In the sass, Leibniz left Rolling Stone and went to work for Vanity Fair, continuing to photograph celebrities for the magazine. Leibniz continues to photograph celebrities, producing often- talked-about portraits. 1 1. 2 Ansell Adams Ansell Adams is credited with moving photography into the realm of fine art. Known for his black and white photographs of the western United States, Adams took landscape photographs that brought remote places to people long before travel was possible and highlighted environmental concerns. Ansell Adams, born in February 1902 in San Francisco, California, was an only child.Drawn to nature at an early age, e explored the sea coast and collected insects. He was also trained as a concert pianist. During a family trip to Yosemite National Park, Adams' father gave him a Kodak Brownie camera, beginning his love for photography. Adams returned to the park the following year to do more photography. He learned darkroom techniques by working part time for a photo finisher. At seventeen, Adams Joined the Sierra Club, a group dedicated to preserving natural spaces, and spent several summers as the caretaker for its lodge in the Yosemite Valley.In 1921, Adams sold his first photographs. Despite experimenting with different photograph techniques, Adams referred realism. In 1927, he completed his first portfolio and earned about $3,900, which led to commercial assignments for portraits. By 1931, Adams had his first solo museum exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution that featured sixty photographs he had taken of the Sierra Mountains. With Edward Weston, M. H. De Young Museum, and Imagine Cunningham, Adams formed Group f/64, with a commitment to â€Å"straight† photography instead of artistic interpretation.The name came from the small aperture setting (f/64) which gave the greatest depth of field for a photograph. Adams also opened his own photography gallery in San Francisco. One of Adams' contributions to photography was the development of his Zone System. The Zone System was a way of adjusting the exposure in a photograph to maximize shadows and highlights. It separated the tones between white and black into eleven different zones that corresponded to an f/stop, with middle gray at the center. The system helped to correctly expose a photograph to avoid being under- or overexposed.A photographer would choose an area of the photograph, meter the area, and then adjust the exposure using the system to put the area of the photograph into the exposure that best measures the area. For example, if you are photographing a mountain scene, bright snow might be metered at a zone V (5), but you want it at a zone IX (9). Using the system, you would know to increase the f/stop by four f/stops to get the exposure that you want for the photograph. The Zone System was later applie d to color film and with digital images. 1 1. Edward Weston Edward Weston emphasized the beauty of natural form. His photographs reveal and focus on the natural form of a single item, taken in sharp detail. His photographs are among the most expensive ever sold. Edward Weston was born in Highland Park, Illinois in 1886. He received his first camera, a Kodak Bulls-Eye No. 2, as a present for his sixteenth birthday. He took the camera on a family vacation in the Midwest before buying a 5 x 7 camera and beginning to learn darkroom techniques. Soon, he was photographing Chicago parks and the areas around his aunt's farm.In 1906, he submitted a photograph to Camera and Darkroom, which published the photograph in a full-page reproduction. In 1906, Weston moved to California, but moved back to Illinois a year later to attend the Illinois School of Photography. After finishing the coursework, Weston again moved to California and began work in several hoteliers' studios, learning the busines s. In 1911, he opened â€Å"The Little Studio† and took photographs of children and friends, gaining recognition for his work. In the sass, Weston attention shifted to the everyday objects such as seashells, fruits, and vegetables.Weston began the â€Å"Edward Weston Print of the Month† to create income. For five dollars a month, subscribers received a limited edition print from his work. Success was minimal with only about eleven subscribers to the program. In 1937, Weston received the first ever Guggenheim Foundation grant for a photographer, which allowed Weston to travel and photograph. The following year, he received another grant and published Seeing California with Edward Weston, another publication of his travels, in 1939. The following year, California and the West was published.In 1945, Weston began to exhibit signs of Parkinson disease. By 1948, he was no longer physically able to use a camera but continued to exhibit his work and publish some of the photogr aphs that he had taken earlier in his life. He died in 1958. One of his favorite beaches, and the subject of many photographs in Point Lobos, California, was later renamed Weston Beach in his honor. 1 1. 4 Throated Lange Best remembered for her images of the Southern poor and those starting over in the West, Throated Lange documented the hard times of the Depression era and revealed social difficulties.Her iconic images have come to be the face of the Depression. Lange was born in 1895 in Hoboken, New Jersey. After a childhood marked by polio, Lange became an informal apprentice in several New York photography studios. She moved to San Francisco in 1918 and opened her own studio. When the Great Depression hit the United States in the late sass, Lange was moved to document the people hardest hit by the financial crisis. She was hired by the Resettlement Administration, later renamed the Farm Security Administration. Lane's photographic focus was the unemployed and homeless.In 1941, L ange worked for the War Relocation Authority to document the forced evacuation of Japanese Americans on the West Coast to relocation camps. She photographed the relocation process and the lives of the Japanese Americans in the camps, focusing most of her attention on Manager, one of the first permanent relocation camps in California. The government considered the photographs too critical of the relocation and impounded them; they are now available for viewing through the National Archives. After WI, Lange continued her work in photography with a slightly different position than her earlier social commentary work.Ansell Adams offered Lange a faculty position at the California School of Fine Arts, which had the first fine arts photography department. Lange also helped to co-found the photography magazine Aperture. In 1965, at the age of 70, Throated Lange died of esophageal cancer. As a woman, Lange also served as an inspiration for other female photographers working in a field that w as at that time dominated by men. 11. 5 Alfred Assassinated Called the â€Å"father of photojournalism,† Alfred Assassinated is known for his candid hotplates and spontaneous moments.Essentialist's most famous image is of a United States sailor in uniform kissing a woman in a white dress, taken on the day that World War II ended. Assassinated was born in Germany in 1898. His interest in photography began when he was given a Kodak camera at the age of fourteen. After serving in the German army during World War l, Assassinated began working as a freelance photographer. He sold his first photograph in the sass and began taking photographs for the agency that would become the Associated Press in 1928. In 1935, Assassinated immigrated to the United States, as Germany became more oppressive awards Jews.He would reside in New York for the rest of his life and work for Life magazine for more than thirty-five years. During his career, Assassinated photographed musicians, politicians, writers, and royalty. But his candid photographs, often of unknown people, became his legacy and illustrated the need to be ready to capture spontaneous moments. Assassinated said, â€Å"l still use, most of the time, existing light and try not to push people around. I have to be as much a diplomat as a photographer. People often don't take me seriously because I carry so little equipment and make so little fuss. †

A Womans place is in the home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

A Womans place is in the home - Essay Example Strober’s theory lays the ultimate blame for occupational segregation on the patriarchal system in which men enjoy women’s sexual, child rearing, and domestic services in the household. The immediate blame for occupational sex segregation, however, is laid on employers, most of whom are men. In Strobel's analysis, she states that â€Å"employers basically strive towards two goals (1) profit maximization (wherein if they employ a woman, they will almost invariably pay her less than a male) and (2) enforcing the economic dependency of women on men. The latter is of interest to male employers because it provides the material for the patriarchal system i.e., it forces women to become dependent wives and mothers (employers are said to worry about maintaining women’s dependency on men in social classes other than their own because threats to patriarchy in the working class may lead to threats to patriarchy within management or capitalist class (Blau 1977). Stroberâ₠¬â„¢s theory suggests that women in this society are without question economically disadvantaged compared with men, and this situation is hardly an accident of history or nature. There is obvious ideological (Williams et al 1982) legal (Kanowitz 1969) and informal mechanisms (Bernard, 19/1:88-102).Women’s jobs are not as important as men’s jobsThe notion of perpetual equilibrium sheds some light on this issue.Workers become qualified by making some type of investment in themselves where the decision to invest depends on the gain from qualifying.... sex segregation in an economy that in many other ways may operate according to neo- classical market principles. Strober's theory lays the ultimate blame for occupational segregation on the patriarchal system in which men enjoy women's sexual, child rearing, and domestic services in the household. The immediate blame for occupational sex segregation, however, is laid on employers, most of whom are men. In Strober's analysis she states that, "employers basically strive towards two goals (1) profit maximization (wherein if they employ a woman, they will almost invariably pay her less than a male) and (2)enforcing the economic dependency of women on men. The latter is of interest to male employers because it provides the material for the patriarchal system i.e., it forces women to become dependent wives and mothers(employers are said to worry about maintaining women's dependency on men in social classes other than their own because threats to patriarchy in the working class may lead to threats to patriarchy within management or capitalist class(Blau 1977). Strober's theory suggest that women in this society are without question economically disadvantaged compared with men, and this situation is hardly an accident of history or nature. There are obvious ideological (Williams et al 1982) legal (Kanowitz 1969) and informal mechanisms (Bernard, 19/1:88-102). Women's jobs are not as important as men's jobs The notion of perpetual equilibrium sheds some light on this issue.Workers become3 qualified by making some type of

Creativity for busniess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Creativity for busniess - Essay Example The toy operates with a button on its left foot which lead it to ‘dance’. This is made possible through an internal computerised memory which connects to a sensor placed at the foot and the combination of a force to move its head, arms and legs. The product is aesthetically pleasing to children as it represents a character from the popular television program named â€Å"In the Night Garden†. The character wears an extremely bright red blanket and a two-tone blue coat contrasting to each other and its red ‘hair’ and big eyes features especially draw attention from the toddlers. Health and Safety is an essential consideration for children’s toys thus the product is made durable so that it would not break apart or loose bits. However, caution is necessary for toddlers age below 18 months as there are three small red cotton ‘hairs’ which prompt hazards to toddlers who started teething and possibility of choking themselves by placing th e blanket into their mouth. Educational Value:  The toy is educational in relation to the child’s development. It helps in the child’s social and emotional development as the child can imagine the toy ‘talking’ and ‘dancing’ with her and being entertained at the same time. Product 2: Construction Train Set Purpose and Function of the product: This product allows the user to organize role-plays using the train, wooden train tracks and props. The user can build the track themselves and set up the props according to their wish and push the train around the track. The age range the product is suitable for The Early Learning Centre suggests that this product is suitable for children age between 3 to 8 years old as there are small parts which pose choking risk to younger children. Design, quality, durability, usability, visual appeal, health and safety The toy is of top quality ensuring the wooden tracks fit to each other and in perfect shape. The toy operates while the child put the wooden tracks together, set up the props and pushes the toy train on the track. The product is aesthetically pleasing to children as children generally place great interest on transports. The toy has light wood tracks and props with brightly coloured train which bring joy and attention to the children. Health and Safety is critical and the product is designed to be durable so that it would not snap or deform easily. The props are not suitable for children below the recommended age range as younger kids have the tendency of swallowing things. The sharp edges also pose a danger to the kids. Educational Value The educational value associated with this product is that it assists older children to develop their imagination during the role-play. It also enhances the child’s fine motor skills as the child pushes the toy train and having to assemble the tracks themselves. ________________________________________________________________ Our advert isements believe: A strong branding is vital to differentiate the products illustrated above and motivates consumer to purchase the product. In order to establish a robust position of the products in the challenging environment and industry, extensive marketing activities have to be conducted aimed to increase the familiarity of children to the idols related to the product. Kids’ club would be an effective way to get the children involved. Kids clubs organized by retailers, producers and media outlets have been

Choose a business firm and discuss What can you say about the firm Term Paper

Choose a business firm and discuss What can you say about the firm from society's perspective - Term Paper Example Nike is considered amongst the top companies that have strong social listening amongst its customers. There is an impression created in the mind of each consumer that the company listens to its customers while developing a product. The product is very much similar to the desired needs of customers which is why the product is appealed more to customers. Social listening and customer advocacy are the important tool for Nike to earn greater profits throughout the different economies of the world. This has led in the development of new designs in the category of shoes and has led to create an option of iPhone application which became a huge success for the company (Nike Inc, 2011). Nike is very considerate about the community work and focuses in participating towards helping the society to be a better place for humans. They have many objectives regarding social responsibility and are particularly concerned about achieving every one of them. Nike has a plan to reduce the emission of carbo n dioxide from the environment by 20% until the very end of the year 2015 (Nike Inc, 2013). The objective was taken as a step to avoid further global warming around the world. ... Nike has a stance that serving the community and performing social corporate responsibility can earn a company huge profits and increases the financial performance of the company. It helps in changing the perception of customers while purchasing their product (Nike Inc, 2009). It becomes highly preferential for a customer to purchase the particular product whose parent company is so willing to serve their community. The idea has developed its image throughout the world, and has provided the company an edge over its competitors. The goodwill of the company is also maintained in the eyes of customers because they are emotionally attached towards buying the company’s products (Nike Inc, 2009). Although the company has some bright perspectives but it is also a reason to contribute towards child labor in different parts of the world. Nike has suppliers all over the world which supplies Nike products according to their guidelines and standards. However, most suppliers employ child s o they could pay less to them and earn even more. The idea affected the reputation of Nike when people got aware of its conduct. The company denied the charges and blamed suppliers for not adhering to their guidelines. However, Nike developed a thorough supplier guidelines and code of conduct in order to manage their work overseas (Nike Inc, 2009). Nike has a positive approach in evaluating the performance of each employee by looking at their contribution in the company. The company monitors individual performance through the use of HR department. As to avoid employee discrimination, the company has created a concept of a drop box. An employee can make complains about the system and the management or being discriminated in a

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Philosophy - Essay Example It can be studied as a property of brain. All the human activities are controlled by the instructions from the brain. Cognitive capacities include; the ability to analyze a situation, the ability to evaluate the do’s and don’ts, implementation of actions, understanding and analysis of ideas to form clear pictures about an incident, hypothesis formations, generalizations, anticipation of new possibilities, ability to understand the cause-and-effect linkages among a system etc. The intellectual levels of different human beings are different and hence the cognitive capacities also will be different from person to person. â€Å"According to the computational theory of mind (CTM), mental capacities are explained by inner computations, which in biological organisms are realized in the brain† (Gualtiero Piccinini). Human mind activities are more or less similar to that of a computer. A computer is providing us the output after a lot of computations. Whatever the instructions supplied to a computer is been processed inside the Central Processing Similarly our mind also will undergo lot of computing process before taking a decision. The instructions to the computer is been supplied through the keyboard or mouse while in the case of human being the instructions are obtained through the senses, ear, eyes, nose, tongue and skin. In the case of a computer the information will be processed in the CPU while in the case of human it is processed in the brain. For computers the instructions supplied from the keyboard or mouse will reach the CPU through address buses while in the case of human the instructions from the senses reaches the brain through nerves associated with the senses. Consider the case of a purchasing decision of a car by a person. He will decide about the car to be purchased only after lot of computations such as analyzing the data about different models of cars, evaluation of price factors, fuel economy, maintenance costs, resale value, his